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鍍Zn鋼-6016鋁合金異種金屬的激光熔釬焊及數值模擬
發布人：上海艾荔艾金屬材料有限公司www.jshcn.cn
更新時間：2015-10-17
熔釬焊是抑制或減少鋼/鋁異種金屬激光焊接過程中FeAl脆性金屬間化合物產生的有效工藝方法。采用光纖激光器，不添加任何釬料，對1.2 mm厚DC56D+ZF鍍鋅鋼和6016鋁合金平板試件進行激光搭接焊試驗，利用MATLAB軟件，針對焊接過程的實際情況，在一定的基本假設下建立準穩態下鋼/鋁異種金屬激光焊接熔池形狀的數學模型，基于準穩態形狀控制方程數值計算獲得的熔池幾何形狀分布，結合試驗來調整焊接工藝參數，獲得最佳焊接成形，利用臥式金相顯微鏡、掃描電鏡和X射線衍射儀等手段研究焊接接頭各區域的金相組織、主要元素分
鍍Zn鋼-6016鋁合金異種金屬的激光熔釬焊及數值模擬Laser welding-brazing and numerical simulation of zinc-coated steel and 6016 aluminum alloy
熔釬焊是抑制或減少鋼/鋁異種金屬激光焊接過程中FeAl脆性金屬間化合物產生的有效工藝方法。采用光纖激光器，不添加任何釬料，對1.2 mm厚DC56D+ZF鍍鋅鋼和6016鋁合金平板試件進行激光搭接焊試驗，利用MATLAB軟件，針對焊接過程的實際情況，在一定的基本假設下建立準穩態下鋼/鋁異種金屬激光焊接熔池形狀的數學模型，基于準穩態形狀控制方程數值計算獲得的熔池幾何形狀分布，結合試驗來調整焊接工藝參數，獲得最佳焊接成形，利用臥式金相顯微鏡、掃描電鏡和X射線衍射儀等手段研究焊接接頭各區域的金相組織、主要元素分布與物相組成。結果表明：焊接激光束照射搭接在鋼板上的鋁板對接焊縫時，焊接功率和焊接速度對熔池幾何形狀的影響較大，隨著激光功率的增大，熔深增加；而隨著焊接速度的增加，熔深卻變淺。當焊接功率為1 600~1 800 W、焊接速度v=30 mm/s、離焦量D=0 mm時，焊縫成形性良好，無明顯裂紋、氣孔等缺陷，焊接接頭區域存在一個臺階狀結構，在平臺區域，鋼/鋁兩鐘金屬存在明顯的界限，界面結合依靠液態的鋁在鋼母材表面上的潤濕、填充和鋪展等作用；下凹區域，鋼/鋁熔合較好，Fe和Al元素的混合區寬度較大，未形成明顯的FeAl脆性金屬間化合物，Fe和Al的熱擴散是該區域界面結合的主要原因。
The laser welding-brazing is an effective process to inhibit or reduce FeAl brittle intermetallic compound produced during laser welding-brazing of steel and aluminum alloy. The laser lap welding test was carried out based on the DC56D+ZF galvanized steel with thickness of 1.2 mm and the 6016 aluminum alloy with the fiber laser. The Matlab software was used, according to the actual situation of welding process, the steel and aluminum dissimilar metal laser welding pool shapes of the mathematical model in the flight quasi-steady state was established under a certain basic assumption. Based on the quasi-steady numerical equations, the shape of molten pool geometry distribution was obtained. The welding process parameters were adjusted through the experiments to get the best welding forming. By optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, the microstructure, element distribution and phase composition of the steel/aluminum interface were studied. The results show that when the welding beam irradiates at the aluminum-seam interface, the welding power and welding speed have great influence on pool geometry. With the laser power increasing, the penetration increases; while with the welding speed increasing, the penetration depth becomes shallow. When the welding power is 1 600?1 800 W, the welding speed v is 30 mm/s and the defocus distance D is 0 mm, the best forming of welding is obtained, no cracks, holes and other defects are seen, and there is a bench-shape structure in the welding joint area. In the platform area, there is obvious boundary between the steel and aluminum. The interface bonding relies on the liquid aluminum on the wetting, filling and spreading of steel surface. In the concave region, the steel/aluminum fusion is better. The width is large for Fe and Al elements mixing zone, and FeAl brittle intermetallic compounds do not form, the thermal diffusion bonding between Fe and Al is the main reason for the region.
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