固溶時效對QAl9-4-3鋁青銅組織和性能的影響Effect of solution and aging treatment on microstructure and properties of QAl9-4-3 aluminum bronze

采用SEM、XRD、EDS、TEM、室溫拉伸測試、硬度測試、摩擦學性能測試等分析手段，研究時效溫度和固溶溫度對自行研制的QAl9-4-3鋁青銅組織和力學性能的影響。結果表明，隨著時效溫度的降低或固溶溫度的升高，原β硬相區的馬氏體特征越來越明顯；固溶溫度的升高還使β硬相區的面積率增大，使合金的抗拉強度和硬度增大，但降低了伸長率。獲得的最佳固溶時效工藝為：(910 ℃, 3 h)固溶后水淬+(480 ℃, 1 h)時效后空冷。該狀態下，合金中原β硬相區的顯微硬度為270HV，其與α軟相的面積比為71:29，使合金具有較好的強韌性配合，抗拉強度為887 MPa，硬度為253HBS，伸長率為7.3%，前兩種性能分別較其擠壓態合金的提高了22%和33%；其摩擦因數僅略高于擠壓態合金的，但磨損率較擠壓態合金的降低了27%，表現出較好的耐磨性能。

The effects of solution and aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of QAl9-4-3 aluminum bronze were investigated by SEM, XRD, EDS, TEM, tensile tests, wear tests, micro-hardness and macro-hardness tests. The results show that with the decrease of aging temperature or the increase of solution temperature, the martensite characteristics of the original β hard region becomes more obviously. The increase of solution temperature also results a higher area rate of the β hard region. Such structural characteristics lead to the increases of tensile strength and hardness, and the decrease of elongation. The best process of solution and aging is as follows: solution at 910 ℃ for 3 h，and then aging at 480 ℃ for 1 h. Under this condition, the micro-hardness of the original β region is 270HV，and the area rate of β to α is 71:29, making the obdurability of the alloy preferable: tensile strength of 887 MPa, hardness of 253HBS and elongation of 7.3%. The two former properties are 22% and 33% higher than those of the extruded alloy. The friction coefficient is slightly higher than that of the extruded alloy, but the wear rate is 27% lower than that of the extruded alloy, showing good tribology performance.

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